1. Res-gestae
Res-gestae
is a Latin term that means “Things done”. It is a rule applied to the law of
evidence and is an exception to hearsay evidence Article 71 of QSO says that
oral evidence must be direct but rule Res-gestae as provided in Article 19 is
an exception to this article. It is a spontaneous expression of facts, words, or
sentences made by a person immediately after an occurrence or event. These are the
words that are immediately spoken by a person after the event and he had no
time to construct a false starry.
It is a general rule that when a person describes anything by on relying on the deposition of others, it cannot rely on but that deposition becomes relevant when it is said just after or before an event itself is under question, like in a murder case, deceased said to his wife that his partner threatens him to sign a document.
After an hour that person is murdered in office and his words deposed by his wife can be
relevant under Article19.
2. Act
Act means a law passed by the parliament through adopting proper legislative procedure, and bossiness,
after obtaining approval and consent of the parliamentary committee, Lower
House, and Upper House of the parliament, for example, Anti-Terrorism Act.
3. Ordinance
A Law made
by the President / Competent Authority in absence of a Legislature/ Parliament or
in an acute emergency state for a specific period which later on expires or the
Parliament gives consent which becomes permanent law. It has a life of 120 days
and it is extendable one time by the President and parliament may reject,
set aside, or may give consent to it, Parliament may convert it into an act by
adopting/passing in the parliament.
4. Code
A set of
secondary laws (other than Constitution) especially made and uniformed in a
single code/ bare aiming at effective applicability and regulating the procedure of Forums/ Courts and specified outcomes/punishment/ for example, Pakistan
Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code.
5. Statute
A comprehensive term used for different laws including acts, ordinances, and others.
In other
words, the law has the protection of the constitution.
6. Manual
It is
neither a legal term nor a kind of law but it is a general term used for a
compendium/ compilation/ ins cyclopedia of laws of a specific field/profession or
department, containing all the relevant laws and rules. For example Manual of
Jail Laws, and Manual of Military Laws.
7. Article
A legal term
used for divisioning and portioning of basic and fundamental law/direct
legislation by a Parliament, within a Major Primary Law of a country or a
company. For example constitution of Pak, Articles of Association of any
company/organization of any Company/ Organization, etc.
8. Section
A term used
for division and portioning of secondary laws of a state, next to the
constitution. Providing definitions, regulating procedure and punishment, etc. for
example Sec.302 PPC
9. Rule
A legal term used for division and partition of laws made by the Competent Authority having delegated powers of legislation for regulating the internal affairs of the department/ Organization to achieve tasks assigned by the Constitution. For example, under Article 191, of the Constitution.