Definitions of Jurisprudence by Sir John Salmond
Salmond define 'Jurisprudence' so as to be understood in two senses:
1. Wide
In its wide sense it means " the science of civil law"
Science: systematic knowledge as distinguished from bare knowledge of the existing provisions of law.
Civil law: Being to understood to mean the laws of the land as are enforced by the Courts.
In this sense, jurisprudence may again be classified into three divisions as follows:
I. Expositive:
This concerns legal exposition of the system as it now obtains or as it existed in the past.
II. Historical:
This concerns the history of the development of the laws as they obtains at present or existed in the past, i.e., the stages by which the laws in their present or past shape came to be evolved.
III. Critical:
This relates to the science of legislation, i.e., study of the law, not as it or had been in the pas, but as it ought to be in an ideal state.
2. Narrow:
In its narrow sense, jurisprudence, according to Sir John Salmond, is limited to the consideration of the basic or fundamental principles of civil law (civil law meaning all laws of the land including the Military laws).
In this restricted sense, jurisprudence has been defined as " the science of the first principles of the law as distinguished from its concrete provisions. It will thus be seen that our present subject deals with theoretical jurisprudence, i.e., expositive jurisprudence minus practical jurisprudence.
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