Operating System
Introduction:
Operating System is a collection of set of programs, which manages all the resources of the computer system.
It is an intermediator between the user and hardware
Explanation:
An operating system (OS) is a software component that servers as an intermediary between computer hardware and the computer user. It provides a user interface and a set of services to manage and control computer hardware resource.
The primary functions of an operating system includes:
Process Management:
The OS manages processes, which are programs in execution. It allocates resources, such as CPU time and memory, to different processes.
Memory Management:
It controls and coordinates the use of the computer's memory, ensuring that each process has the necessary space to execute.
File System Management:
The OS is responsible for organizing and managing files on storage devices. This includes file creation, deletion, and access control.
Device Management:
It manages communication between software and hardware components, including input and output devices like keyboards, monitors, printers, and more.
User Interface:
The OS provides a user interface that allows users to interact with the computer. This interface can be command-line-based or graphical, depending on the type of operating system.
Security and Protection:
The OS ensures the security and protection of data and resources on the computer. This involves user authentication, access control, and safeguarding against unauthorized access and malicious software.
Networking:
In modern computing environments, operating systems often include networking capabilities to facilitate communication between computers and devices.
Types of Operating Systems:
There are various types of Operating Systems including:
i. Single-user, Single-tasking:
ii. Only one user can use the system at a time, and it can only perform one task at a time
iii. Single-user, Multi-tasking:
iv. Allows a single user to run multiple applications simultaneously.
v. Multi-user:
vi. Supports multiple users accessing the system at the same time.
vii. Real-time:
viii. Designed for systems that require immediate response to external events, often used in embedded systems and control systems.
Examples:
1. Microsoft Windows
2. macOS
3. Linux
4. Unix
Each type of operating system has its strengths, weaknesses, and areas of application.